Комментарии:SDR presents evidence for two different stems, most probably descended from the same bisyllabic root *ala-. Not quite clear is the geminated -ll- in Tamil allappan_ (cf. its absence in Mal. alappan; possibly an irregularity of expressive character).
Номер по DED:0245
Праюжно-дравидийский:*alaŋkōl-
Значение:disorder
Тамильский:alaŋkōlam
Тамильское значение:disorder, slovenliness
Малаялам:alaŋkōlam
Малаяльское значение:confusion, slovenliness
Каннада:allakallōla, allōlakallōla
Каннада значение:great agitation (as of water), confusion (of the mind), tumult, disorder, disturbance
Тулу:allambra
Тулу значение:agitation, alarm
Комментарии:An expressive stem, obviously connected with *alaŋ- q. v. Has an outside parallel in Telugu allakallōlamu.
Тамильское значение:to blossom, open up, spread (as rays of the sun, water), increase in size, manifest itself; n. full-blown flower
Тамильские производные:alartti process of blooming; alarttu (alartti-) to cause to blossom; alari flower
Малаялам:alar
Малаяльское значение:a blossom, opening flower
Малаяльские производные:alari a flower; alaruka to open (as flowers), be hot and dry; alarcca heat, lust
Каннада:alar, aral, araḷ, arlu
Каннада значение:to spread, become distended, open, blossom
Каннада производные:alar, aral, araḷ, alal a flower; alarike blossoming; alarisu, alarcu to cause to spread, blossom, etc.; aral-uṇi, alar-uṇi the large black humble bee, Bombinatrix glabra
Тулу:alaruni, araluni, araḷuni
Тулу значение:to open, expand, bloom, blossom
Тулу производные:aral-uṇi the black bee
Комментарии:Kannaḍa and Tulu present several variants with different kinds of assimilations and metatheses in the resonant department, which seems to be a rather common thing with stems ending in two resonants.
Комментарии:Possibly a derivative of *alar- 'to blossom', at least when it comes to the Tamil form. Kan. alampu is suspicious not only because of a different suffix, but also because of a variant with initial l-; aphaeresis is not common for any Kan. dialect, so an outside source would have to be suspected (most probably Telugu, although the form is not attested there). Cf. also Tel. alarāru 'to shine, glitter'.
Номер по DED:0248
Праюжно-дравидийский:*alasanḍai
Значение:a k. of pulse
Малаялам:alaśaṇṭa
Малаяльское значение:Dolichos catjang
Малаяльские производные:alasāndram a kind of pulse
Тулу значение:a kind of pulse, (Männer) Dolichos catjang
Тулу производные:(B-K.) alataṇḍè = alasaṇḍè
Комментарии:A common SDR stem with irregularities typical for plant names. Possibly a compound, borrowed from some unknown extraneous source (cf. also the corresp. words in Indo-Aryan: Pkt. ālisaṃdaga-, ālisaṃdaya-, Mar. aḷasudā). The dialectal alternation -s-/-t- is common for Tulu. Less clear is the nature of the final cluster (retroflex articulation is reconstructed due to joint Malayalam-Tulu evidence, but dental -nd- in Kan. is unclear) and the auslaut vocalism of the stem (again, Malayalam and Tulu jointly speak in favour of *-ai). Mal. alasāndram looks like an even later reborrowing (from an Indo-Aryan source, maybe?). Cf. also Tel. alacandalu, etc.
Номер по DED:0242
Праюжно-дравидийский:*ala-ṭ-
Значение:to tease, importune
Тамильский:alaṭṭu (alaṭṭi-)
Тамильское значение:to tease, annoy, pester, bluster, be boisterous; n. trouble, annoyance, importunity; raving, delirium
Тамильские производные:alaṭṭi bully, blusterer
Малаялам:alaṭṭuka
Малаяльское значение:to importune
Комментарии:A Tamil-Mayalam isogloss that is most probably related either to *alai- or *ala- q. v.
Комментарии:Unclear. In PN the root is only used within the compound *alg-elumb- lit. 'side-bone', whereas the Tamil and Malayalam forms do not match in the suffix (or is that a second root in a compound?) department. Burrow & Emeneau quote Skt. alga- 'groin', which has no IE etymology, but does not look like a Dravidian borrowing, either. It is possible that the root has penetrated both Dravidian and IA from some unknown source, and in Dravidian was most frequently used with euphemistic purposes.
Номер по DED:0253
Праюжно-дравидийский:*aḷ-i-
Значение:to be attached to, to love
Тамильский:aḷi (-v-, -nt-)
Тамильское значение:to be attached
Тамильские производные:(-pp-, -tt-) to protect, nourish, be gracious, show favour, create desire; n. love, grace, desire; aḷittu, aḷitu that which deserves pity; aḷintār loving persons; aḷiyan_ one who has great love, gracious benefactor; one who deserves protection
Малаялам:aḷi
Малаяльское значение:love, affection
Малаяльские производные:aḷikkuka to grant, bestow, protect; aḷiyan one who is kind and affectionate
Каннада:aḷipu, aḷupu
Каннада значение:to be addicted to, long for; n. hankering after, desire, love
Кодагу производные:(alip-, alic-) to dissolve (tr.)
Тулу:aliyuni
Тулу значение:to dissolve, decay
Тулу производные:eliyuni, ēluni to melt (intr.; as any soft substance, butter, lead, etc.); elipuni, elpuni, ēlāvuni id. (tr.) (?)
Комментарии:The Tulu alternation a-/e- is quite interesting as it could point to PSDR *jeli-. The correspondence "Mal. a- : Koḍ. a- : Tulu e-" is fairly normal in the case of PSDR *jā-, although in all such cases Tulu only shows ē- and never ā-. On the other hand, this would be the only known case of an initial *je- in a bisyllabic verbal root, which makes specific dialectal variations possible.
Номер по DED:0250
Праюжно-дравидийский:*aḷig-
Значение:a k. of vessel
Каннада:aḷige, aḷage
Каннада значение:a capacious earthen vessel to hold water or grain
Номер по DED:0303
Праюжно-дравидийский:*al-k-
Значение:to shrink
Тамильский:alku (alki-)
Тамильское значение:to shrink, diminish, lessen
Тамильские производные:alkal deficiency, poverty; ak_ku (ak_ki-) to be reduced, shrink, be dejected, become closed (as a flower); (?) nalkūr (-v-, -nt-) to be poor, indigent, destitute; n. poverty
Каннада:akkuḍisu
Каннада значение:to become small, wane
Комментарии:A local and rather suspicious Tamil-Kan. isogloss. It is possible that the Tamil stem al-k- is merely a derivative of the negative verbal stem *al- (and ak_ku, with aytam, is just a dialectal development). Kan. akkuḍisu may be < *al-kuḍisu, but the derivation is unclear (the word would have to be a compound of some sorts). As for the inclusion in the same DEDR entry of Tam. nalkūr 'poor, indigent', it is but one more unfortunate consequence of overestimating the role of Dravidian 'variations' (this time, the so-called "n-/0- variation"); the word certainly has nothing to do with alku, and this is made even more obvious by the inclusion of the same word in a completely different entry (PSDR *nal-) - where it truly belongs.
Комментарии:The word displays an unclear variation in the auslaut; it is also frequently used in the compound *allai-mar-, where the second component is obviously *mara- 'tree'.
